Parallel computation of interpretation methods

The iml package can now handle bigger datasets. Earlier problems with exploding memory have been fixed for FeatureEffect, FeatureImp and Interaction. It’s also possible now to compute FeatureImp and Interaction in parallel. This document describes how.

First we load some data, fit a random forest and create a Predictor object.

set.seed(42)
library("iml")
library("randomForest")
#> randomForest 4.7-1.2
#> Type rfNews() to see new features/changes/bug fixes.
data("Boston", package = "MASS")
rf <- randomForest(medv ~ ., data = Boston, n.trees = 10)
X <- Boston[which(names(Boston) != "medv")]
predictor <- Predictor$new(rf, data = X, y = Boston$medv)

Going parallel

Parallelization is supported via the {future} package. All you need to do is to choose a parallel backend via future::plan().

library("future")
library("future.callr")
# Creates a PSOCK cluster with 2 cores
plan("callr", workers = 2)

Now we can easily compute feature importance in parallel. This means that the computation per feature is distributed among the 2 cores I specified earlier.

imp <- FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae")
library("ggplot2")
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'ggplot2'
#> The following object is masked from 'package:randomForest':
#> 
#>     margin
plot(imp)

That wasn’t very impressive, let’s actually see how much speed up we get by parallelization.

bench::system_time({
  plan(sequential)
  FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae")
})
#> process    real 
#>   2.09s   2.06s
bench::system_time({
  plan("callr", workers = 2)
  FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae")
})
#>  process     real 
#> 145.53ms    2.05s

A little bit of improvement, but not too impressive. Parallelization is more useful in the case where the model uses a lot of features or where the feature importance computation is repeated more often to get more stable results.

bench::system_time({
  plan(sequential)
  FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae", n.repetitions = 10)
})
#> process    real 
#>   3.49s   3.44s

bench::system_time({
  plan("callr", workers = 2)
  FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae", n.repetitions = 10)
})
#> process    real 
#> 160.4ms   2.99s

Interaction

Here the parallel computation is twice as fast as the sequential computation of the feature importance.

The parallelization also speeds up the computation of the interaction statistics:

bench::system_time({
  plan(sequential)
  Interaction$new(predictor, grid.size = 15)
})
#> process    real 
#>   7.61s   7.49s
bench::system_time({
  plan("callr", workers = 2)
  Interaction$new(predictor, grid.size = 15)
})
#>  process     real 
#> 157.13ms    5.16s

Feature Effects

Same for FeatureEffects:

bench::system_time({
  plan(sequential)
  FeatureEffects$new(predictor)
})
#> process    real 
#>   1.09s   1.07s
bench::system_time({
  plan("callr", workers = 2)
  FeatureEffects$new(predictor)
})
#>  process     real 
#> 694.86ms    2.95s